MAPK3 and neoplasm: Song et al. (2022b) reported that Luteolin (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) was able to dose-dependently reduce the levels of p-MEK1 and p-ERK1/2, to decrease the expression of BCL-2, to elevated the expression of BAX, cleaved caspase-3, inducing apoptosis and DNA damage, and arresting the cell cycle in G2 phase in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. In vivo, high-dose (40 mg/kg/d) luteolin effectively inhibited tumor growth. Kang et al. (2017) showed that luteolin (5, 10, 25, 50, 200 μg/mL) could dose-dependently increase the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, and induce apoptosis through antioxidant effects.