Such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6) and TGF-β secreted by HCC cells were able to activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promoted the release of more CLCF1. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.