Additionally, a differential analysis of the gene expression matrix of AD revealed seven characteristic genes associated with the breakage of disulfide bonds, including MYH9, IQGAP1, ACTN4, DSTN, ACTB, MYL6, and GYS1, which accurately assess subtypes of AD and diagnose AD (Ma et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene ACTN4 and Alzheimer disease.