Custom-made first trimester trophoblast cell line, ACH-3P, was exposed to various preeclampsia-like stimuli including hypoxia mimetic (dimethyloxalylglycine or DMOG, 1 mM), inflammation (tumour necrosis factor or TNF-α, 10 ng/mL) or mitochondria dysfunction agent, (Rhodamine-6G or Rho-6G, 1 μg/mL), ± aspirin (0.5 mM), metformin (0.5 mM), AD-01 (100 nM) or resveratrol (15 μM), for 48 h. Here, TNF is linked to preeclampsia.