Future studies should measure the concentrations of well-known biomarkers of angiogenic imbalance in preeclampsia, sFlt-1 and PlGF (Dimitriadis et al., 2023) to further understand the mechanisms of these potential therapeutics in the context of specific preeclampsia-like stresses in our first trimester trophoblast in vitro models. The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is preeclampsia.