Using direct co-culture of LDHC-silenced cancer cells with PBLs, we observed multiple changes including a significant decrease in the pro-tumorigenic cytokines IL-1β (p < 0.01), IL-4 (p < 0.01), and IL-6 (p = 0.03), alongside IFN-γ (p = 0.01) and MIP-1b (p = 0.04) and an increase in CXCL1 (p = 0.04) (Fig. 4B). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and cancer.