Spatial analysis further revealed elevated levels of ECM organization and degradation, particularly within tumor invasion regions, which were associated with a suppressed immune response and may adversely impact overall immune activity (Figure 7F) Collectively, these findings suggest that STMN1+ cECs and MYF5+ MSCs play critical roles in promoting immune resistance and facilitating tumor progression by mediating ECM remodeling and immunosuppressive interactions within the TME. Here, STMN1 is linked to neoplasm.