At the same time, this non-activation of NF-κB makes it highly unlikely that other pattern recognition receptors which are relevant in sepsis, such as the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are involved in the mechanism described here, although it is known that there is a lot of cross-talk in the innate immune response (in particular between RAGE and TLR4 and their downstream signalling pathways).57 This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Sepsis.