CAFssecrete immunomodulatory factors, suppress T cell responses, and recruitM2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory Tcells (Tregs), thus playing a critical role in tumor progression.28,29 Inhibiting the overexpression of CD73 or other checkpoint proteinsthat interact with CAFs is increasingly recognized as a novel strategyfor tumor immunotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene NT5E and neoplasm.