Notably, irregular or abnormal transitions of condensates to a solid state are linked to some specific neurodegenerative diseases (including FUS (83, 84), TDP-43 (85, 86), HNRNPA1 (87), and DDX (88), as well as Tau (89, 90),) and cancers (such as transcriptional condensates, PRC1 condensates, super enhancers, DNA repair condensates, stress granules, Paraspeckles, SPOP/DAXX bodies and PML foci (91–96). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.