This study aimed to compare the AFP practice in patients with AML, MDS, and GvHD being monitored in tertiary healthcare centers in Türkiye versus the corresponding recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Fever and Neutropenia Guideline 2010 update (IDSA 2010) and the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia Guideline 5 (ECIL-5 2013) [14,15]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and acute myeloid leukemia.