Therefore, AFP is currently regarded as the gold standard in hematologic malignancies that have a high risk of infection, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) [3,8]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and myelodysplastic syndrome.