Univariate analysis of factors associated with drug-responsive epilepsy and DRE in patients with low-grade astrocytomas showed that compared to those in the former group, patients in the DRE group had glutamate receptor gene mutations (except AMPA), ATRX, and glutamate-S-transferase gene mutations (p < 0.01) (Table 1). Here, ATRX is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).