STAT1 and liver dysplastic nodule: Interestingly, there are studies showing that PTPN2 can improve renal lesions and fibrosis in DN by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines through inhibiting the STAT1/3 signaling pathway (164).The mechanisms involves PTPN2 preventing kidney injury by inhibiting STAT activation, down-regulating STAT-dependent genes, and inhibiting the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells and endothelial cells.