TNFRSF1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Elevated levels of TNF-α receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and the kidney injury marker KIM-1 have also been linked to DN (94), TNFR1 and TNFR2 have been recognized as markers for the risk of developing ESRD in people with type 2 diabetes (95).