In obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus, the E2 enzyme UbcH8 mediates STAT1 ISGylation, contributing to STAT1 activation and M1 macrophage polarisation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, suggesting that targeting UbcH8 could be a therapeutic strategy[27]. The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.