In Wlodarska's colitis mouse model, commensal bacteria, particularly Peptostreptococcus russellii (P. russellii), activate AhR through the metabolite indole acetic acid (IA), promoting Muc2 gene expression, enhancing Goblet cell differentiation and function, and supporting both gut barrier function and inflammation suppression [20]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC2 and colitis.