FOS and migraine disorder: Preclinical studies suggest that BXD may have therapeutic potential for migraine, as it reduces plasma levels of neuropeptides [e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP)], increases endothelin (ET) levels, and downregulates early-response genes (e.g., C-FOS and C-JUN) in experimental migraine models [200].