CXCL9 and neoplasm: CXCL9 + tumor-associated macrophages enhance immune responses during early invasion stages through interactions with CD8 + Trm cells, while CXCL12 + tumor endothelial cells inhibit CD8 + T cell differentiation and attract myeloid-derived suppressor cells by secreting CXCL12, facilitating immune evasion [44].