TLRs (especially TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9) can recognize PAMPs such as LPS, LTA, and flagellin, activating NF-κB, Notch, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling pathways, leading to the recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cytokines, and even promoting tumor development (Knight et al. 2023). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is neoplasm.