In PDAC, P. gingivalis, an important pathogenic bacterium in the oral cavity, can promote the secretion of chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby recruiting tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the TME to release NETs (Wu et al. 2024). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and neoplasm.