TLR9 and Sepsis: In contrast, TLR9 genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibitors reduce inflammation, splenic apoptosis, kidney injury, liver dysfunction and mortality in septic mice.704–707 TLR9 deficiency also provides cardiac protection and survival improvement in murine sepsis.510,708 Intriguingly, transferring TLR9-deficient DCs to wild-type mice could restrain bacterial infection, increase peritoneal granulocytes and decreases mortality post CLP challenge.706 In addition, the protective effects of TLR9 inhibitors are observed in renal IRI as well.