IFNB1 and influenza: For instance, DDX6 serves as a co-sensor of RIG-I in IAV infection, binding directly to viral RNA to enhance RIG-I signaling and IFN-β induction.349 DEAH-box RNA helicase DHX16 recognizes IAV RNA segments and directly interacts with viral RNA via its RNA helicase motif, forming a complex with RIG-I to optimize IFN induction during influenza infection.350 Unexpectedly, PKR is not required for IFN-α and IFN-β production by murine dendritic cells in response to IAV.351