TLR7 and Encephalopathy: A study found that miRNA-146-5a levels increase during sepsis and are sensed by TLR7, promoting monocyte and neutrophil recruitment, blood-brain barrier disruption and encephalopathy in mice.505 The research group also discovered that plasma EVs from septic mice activate microglia and cerebral immune responses via TLR7 and MyD88 signaling.506