CTSG and neoplasm: As shown in Fig. 6a, fresh tumor tissues from a clinical triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient were subcutaneously transplanted into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice and these PDX mice were subsequently propagated through mouse-to-mouse transplantation to generate suitable xenograft models.