Additionally, it has been demonstrated that ICA functions as a neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress-induced injury by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and mitigates cognitive deficits following cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.[112] Similarly, ICA has been found to deactivate NMDAR via the ERK/DAPK1 pathway, reduce glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and exhibit neuroprotective properties in the brain, thereby alleviating post-stroke cognitive impairment.[113] These findings suggest that ICA may hold promise as a therapeutic intervention for VCI. Here, DAPK1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.