These studies demonstrated that EV-associated TGFβ induced IL-6 secretion in MSCs, which drove tumor progression through paracrine STAT3 activation in OS cells, suggesting that the increased IL-6 secretion we observed in response to OS EV treatment of primary LFs may be mediating this enhancement of OS cell survival and proliferation in our model. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.