CPT1A and metabolic disease: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is a one of the most crucial components in fatty acid metabolism, serving as the rate-limiting enzyme in the β-oxidation pathway, its deficiency can result in a range of metabolic disorders, including hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, increased concentrations of circulating free fatty acid and the abnormal deposition of lipids within skeletal muscle tissue (48).