In terms of genetic biomarkers, it has already been reported that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele is associated with higher AD risk than the more common ApoE ε3 allele (Neu et al., 2017; Narasimhan et al., 2024), highlighting the importance of genetic testing in dementia assessment (Koriath et al., 2021). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.