TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Interestingly, quantitative real‐time PCR results indicated that probiotic treatment of macrophages significantly increased the expression of IL‐10 and TGF‐β, both anti‐inflammatory cytokines, while significantly decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐12, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, in both healthy controls and RA patients.