IFNA1 and neoplasm: Nevertheless, while there is compelling evidence for enhanced T cell recruitment in the TME due to type I IFN responses in macrophages, opposite results have also been reported: co-culture of splenic T cells with PDAC tumor cells and IFN-α-treated immortalized BMDMs (iBMDMs) in vitro increased T cell apoptosis compared to co-culture with untreated iBMDMs.