PARP1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model, hyperoside alleviates liver fibrosis symptoms by modulating the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) signaling pathways, counteracting damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation, and thereby further enhancing its anti-fibrotic effects (Zeng et al., 2023).