DNMT3L and systemic lupus erythematosus: DNA methylation patterns are regulated by methyltransferases, including DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3L.224,225 While, DNMT1 maintains DNA methylation profiles, DNMT3A and DNMT3B introduce de novo DNA methylation, and DNMT3L assists the functionalities of DNMT3A and DNMT3B.226,227 It has been reported that miRNAs such as miRNA-126179 and miRNA-148a223 regulated the levels of DMNT1 in the T cells of SLE patients.