TRAT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Since elevated expressions of both TRIM proteins are known to contribute to the tumor progression of HCC and poor prognosis via vtRNA1-1-independent mechanisms [27,29,31], we investigated the influence of TRIM21/TRIM25-dependent vtRNA1-1 stability on the proliferation of HCC cells using the vtRNA1-1 M10 mutant, which is resistant to degradation upon TRIM21 or TRIM25 knockdown.