Given that elevated expressions of vtRNA1-1 and both TRIM proteins have been observed in HCC (Fig 7A) [7,27,29,30], a deeper examination of this TRIM21-RBCK1-TRIM25 axis in the perspective of vtRNA1-1 stability regulation could uncover underlying mechanisms involved in liver cancer progression to acquire pro-survival characteristics. The gene discussed is TRAT1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.