ANPEP and infection: Reduced killing by APN-deficient AMs was confirmed in vivo in FLARE-infected neutropenic mice, with a significant difference in conidial viability by day 3 post-infection (Fig 3E and 3F), while uptake of 1 μm inert particles was not significantly different between wild-type and APN-deficient AMs in vivo (Fig 3G).