IL31 and atopic eczema: Regarding the cutaneous immune system, an increase in IgE and interleukins (e.g., IL4, IL13) has been observed in individuals with atopic dermatitis, as well as an overactivation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes (e.g., Th2, Th22, Th1, Th17), eosinophils cells, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, and dendritic cells (e.g., Langerhans cells), resulting in the production of chemical immune mediators such as interleukins (e.g., IL-1beta, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL21, IL22, IL25, IL31, IL33, IL36, IL37), chemokines (e.g., CCL18), cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha), leukotriene C4, and interferon-gamma.