ADSL and colitis: Similarly, Palrasu et al. reported that I3C treatment in mice with anti-CD40 or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis showed a significant increase in mRNA expression of AhR, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), b-defensins such as Reg4, mBDs, and mucins, indicating that I3C attenuated colitis through the activation of AhR, restoring gut microbiota balance, and preventing inflammation [251].