CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: I3C treatment in SLE has increased immature B cells and T cells but decreased mature B cells, autoantibodies, mature memory T cells, and the CD4: CDT cell ratio, produced Th1 cytokines, and transiently blocked B cell maturation [269], indicating that I3C can act as an immunosuppressant, mitigating immune cell overactivation in SLE.