In a clinical trial conducted by O'Connell et al., which combined PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with the hypomethylating agent guadecitabine in relapsed or refractory myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients, a correlation was noted between long-term survival in MDS patients and the presence of ASXL1 mutations in their T cells 193. Here, ASXL1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.