TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Fibrosis reduction: MSCs decrease the levels of profibrotic factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen IV while increasing the levels of antifibrotic factors such as FGFs, HGF, and VEGF, all of which inhibits EMT and reduces renal fibrosis.