For example, a study demonstrated that invasive Lactococcus lactis (NCDO2118 FnBPA+) carrying the Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 antigen (pXYCYT: Hsp65) mitigated TNBS-induced colitis and fibrosis (da Cunha et al., 2020). Here, HSPD1 is linked to colitis.