ALB and diabetes mellitus: Table 1 shows that age, proportion of female, NT-ProBNP, hsTnT, stroke/TIA, myocardial infarction, diabetes, proportion of preoperative disability, NYHA class, ASA class, EuroSCORE II, and duration of surgery were higher in patients in the frail group compared with those in the non-frail group. The rates of alcohol consumption, hemoglobin, albumin, FEV1, and FVC were lower (p < 0.05), while all other factors were not statistically different (p > 0.05).