Tumour evolution and growth can be, both positively and negatively influenced by growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF as well as cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, tumour necrosis factors, and other chemokines., It is suggested that the effects of these influential molecules and their signalling pathways could be modulated, in combination with OVs as cancer therapies, especially if the TIME can be regulated by engineered cytokine variants, or their receptor inhibitors as well as monoclonal antibodies and bispecific antibodies. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.