To explore the potential of azacitidine as a more effective regimen when administered directly into the lungs, a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT06694454) was launched to evaluate neoadjuvant inhaled azacitidine in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) durvalumab for operable early-stage NSCLC. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.