The paucibacillary nature of TB in children and difficulties in sputum collection hampers the effectiveness of traditional sputum-based tests such as culture, smear microscopy, and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests (CBNAATs).4,5 Consequently, diagnosing childhood TB often relies on clinical assessments, radiological examinations (e.g., chest X-ray), immunological tests (e.g., tuberculin skin test [TST] and interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA]), and sometimes CBNAATs on sputum or stool. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.