Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and MAPKs pathway, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPKs,38 which were activated by inflammatory cytokines, played essential roles in liver pathological and physiological processes,29,39 as well as the pathogenesis of AIH.40 The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is autoimmune hepatitis.