Although macrophage markers were elevated only in the SV fraction (Supplemental Figure 17), we ruled out the possibility of macrophage contamination in the adipocyte fraction by injecting HFD-fed mice with clodronate (Supplemental Figure 18A) and showing upregulation of LIPA gene and protein expression remained unaffected (Supplemental Figure 18, B and C), also recapitulating our findings in Figure 5, B and C. These results suggest that macrophages play a minor role in adipose LIPA expression during obesity. Here, LIPA is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.