As shown in Fig. 1C and Fig. 1D, and using automated scoring of the TAP1/2 protein signal in cancer cells and in adjacent non-tumor cells, we found 6.1% of cases showing TAP1 downregulation (range 2.1–7.9% in Cohorts #1–4), 24.0% with TAP2 downregulation (range 18.7–28.8% in Cohorts #1–4) and 18.4% with concurrent TAP1 and TAP2 downregulation (range 16.2–24.5% in Cohorts #1–4). Here, TAP1 is linked to cancer.