Immune evasion by the tumor could emerge via activation of immune checkpoint cascades, when the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T-cells binds with either of its ligands on tumor cells: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) [9,12] This can inhibit the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), of which there are different subsets with different functions in the immune microenvironment. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.