In the context of solid tumors, to date, a phase I/IIa clinical trial has been completed on the use of HSCs engineered to express IFN-α under the control of the Tie2 promoter (Temferon) in their tumor homing and Tie2+ macrophage progeny for the treatment of GBM (NCT03866109) [41]. This evidence concerns the gene TEK and glioblastoma.