PGF and preeclampsia: Zhang and Lind et al. [23, 24] have identified several biomarkers, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), placental growth factor (PLGF), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), which have shown predictive value for the development of HELLP syndrome in women with preeclampsia.