IL1B and infection: The Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (Nlrp3) gene is activated by various stressors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), ionic imbalance, dysfunctional cell organelles, and lysosomal damage, responding through inflammasome formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 production, either to combat infection or repair damaged tissue (Kelley et al., 2019).