AKT1 and neoplasm: Increased serum GH and IGF-1 levels promote several pro-tumor mechanisms including increased tissue proliferation via signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathways, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and increased metabolic activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) [19].