Compared to tonic, systemic CSF1R inhibition, which is well-known to fully eliminate microglia if administered continuously over a period of around 7 to 14 days, we here chose to inhibit CSF1R signaling by one intravitreal injection of a CSF1R-blocking antibody, which does not cause full microglia elimination but dampens microgliosis and microglial responses as shown in a model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury [47]. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is retinal ischemia.