SERPINA3 and endothelial dysfunction: No cardiac tissue samples of patients in the current study were available to confirm an increased myocardial expression of SERPINA3.However, in a mouse model of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity, defined as a decline in LVEF, an increase in arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, an upregulation of SERPINA3 was seen in aortic tissue and cardiac tissue [35, 36].