Prolonged AF duration due to inflammation reportedly results in shortening of the atrial refractory period, abnormalities in the expression of Nav1.5, Cav1.2, and Kv1.5, leading to the progression of electrical remodeling [27] accompanied with structural remodeling, including atrial enlargement and fibrosis, occurs [28]. Here, CACNA1C is linked to atrial fibrillation.