Prolonged AF duration due to inflammation reportedly results in shortening of the atrial refractory period, abnormalities in the expression of Nav1.5, Cav1.2, and Kv1.5, leading to the progression of electrical remodeling [27] accompanied with structural remodeling, including atrial enlargement and fibrosis, occurs [28]. This evidence concerns the gene SCN5A and atrial fibrillation.