Previous research, encompassing HCC and other cancer types, has indicated that specific biomarkers, such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and microsatellite instability/defective mismatch repair (MSI/dMMR), and PD-L1, may serve as potential predictors of response to immunotherapy[19]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and hepatocellular carcinoma.